Apoptosis And Aging Essays - Gerontology, Apoptosis,

Apoptosis And Aging When we gain control of the gene responsible for the phenomenon of apoptosis, we will be in control of aging. We are finding more evidence every day, indicating genetic links to all sorts of factors in the human being. We are just now beginning to scratch the surface of our own genetics. A landmark discover has just been unveiled: In February [2001], the two groups charting the human genome published their resultsthe entire 3 billion base pair sequence. The only definitive conclusion so far: Humans are far more complicated than we thought. Eric Lander, director of the Whitehead Center for Genome Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts adds: within a decade, we will understand a lot about the causes of diseases. Understanding, however does not translate into cures. (Sinha 43) With this research we will uncover more factors that our genetic code regulates, many factors that were previously believed to be random events. Spontaneous cell death, as it turns out is not spontaneous at all, but genetically predetermined at conception. Cell death is an essential part of life. The cells in our bodies are constantly dividing, producing hundreds of thousands of new cells every second. To maintain balance, for every new cell, another cell must die. Our cells are programmed to kill themselves through a process called apoptosis. This in-built program of cell suicide prevents cancer by eliminating cells with damaged genes (Cotran 18). Similarly, our bodies replace cells with a new type of cell when a change is needed, such as during embryonic development (Cotran 18). To illustrate this point, we look at one of Dr. Adamchaks stories of physiology, as taught from Martini, when a bone is being formed cartilage cells, or condrocytes, come into an area to build a cartilage model of the bone. Once this model of bone is complete, the cartilage cells are given the command to die. Osteoblasts, or bone building cells, move in to the space formerly occupied by the Condrocytes, and replace the cartilage matrix with a Calcium rich, ro ck hard, matrix, we know as bone (188). In the foregoing example there are instances of cells being told to die, this is programmed death, and known as apoptosis. During life, our cells carry out metabolic functions, producing digestive enzymes and waste products, which are harmful to surrounding cells, if it spewed into the fluids among the cells. These enzymes and toxins must be packaged in a way that is not harmful to the interstitial environment, and in a manner in which appropriate cells in the region can readily absorb them. This must be done without invoking an inflammatory response (Browder). Aging, also known as Senescence, is a natural process, beginning at reproductive fitness and culminating in death, Observed in most living organisms, senescence is characterized by a gradual reduction in reserve capacity of organ systems, (Heydari). Supporting research by U. of Floridas Aging Biochemistry Laboratory indicates an increased apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes, T-lymphocytes, and neurons, as age advances (Leeuwenburgh, par. 3.1). These factors manifest the classic signs of aging as well as many age-associated diseases, such as reduced cardiac function, susceptibility to illness and neurological disease (4.0). Apoptotic cell death is only one factor of the aging mechanism. Normally, during development, as cells are deleted new cells are made to occupy the void. As an organism ages the number of dividing cells declines, resulting in a decreased capacity to heal. Every high school student knows that as cells divide, DNA is unzipped and re-zipped during the copying process. This process, by which we grow and heal, is believed to be responsible for our senescence. Without some form of error correction, manipulation of DNA will result in damage to the codes contained in it. Error correction is provided by The stuff at the end of each chromosome string, as it literally translates from Latin, is known as a telomere (Cech). The telomere, a short string of amino acids, contains the error correcting information required to properly duplicate DNA, however with each unzip the telomere becomes shorter, until it is gone. The absence of the telomere results damaged DNA, thus triggering apoptosis (Agin, Cech). DNA can also be damaged by exposure to forms of radiation including ultra-violet

Predicting Spanish Nouns From Verbs

Predicting Spanish Nouns From Verbs In English, it is very common for the same word to be used as both noun and verb. For example, the verb trust can also be a noun, as can the verb help. But, except with infinitives, the relationship between verb and noun isnt as straightforward. The noun form for help is ayuda, which is very close to the verb, ayudar. The same is true of trabajo (job or work as a noun) and trabajar (verb). But in the case of trust, the forms are confiar (verb) and confianza (noun). About the best that can be said is that its extremely common for nouns and verbs to share the same stem. Sometimes, as in the examples of trabajo and ayuda, the noun is made up basically of the stem with an ending that marks it as a noun (its probably just coincidence that trabajo and ayuda also have the form of a conjugated verb), while in other cases the stem is followed by a suffix, as in the case of confianza. (-Anza is a not-so-common noun suffix; the related verb is confiar means to trust.) In other words, the nouns related to verbs seem arbitrary. Here are just a few examples of some noun forms of common verbs: cantar (to sing) - el canto (song, the act of singing)decir (to say) - el dicho (saying)estar (to be) - el estado (state of being)hablar (to speak) - el habla (speech)perder (to lose) - la pà ©rdida (loss)preferir (to prefer) - la preferencia (preference)sentir (to feel) - el sentimiento (feeling)tener (to have) - la tenencia (possession)ver (to look) - la vista (vision, view) Good luck finding much of a pattern there! (In most cases, there are also other noun forms not listed above.) Clearly, there are some nouns that are derived from past participles, but its still unpredictable whether the participle will be modified (as in pà ©rdida) or which gender it will be. Keep in mind also that many Spanish infinitives can function as nouns, and some of them quite commonly so. For example, the verb poder (to be able) can be used as a noun to mean power, and saber (to know) can be used as a noun to mean knowledge. As you continue to use the language, youll learn the nouns on their own and youll no longer have to predict what they might be. Also, if you come across an unfamiliar noun (or verb), you may be able to guess its meaning if you know the related word.

Female desire in literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Female desire in literature - Essay Example The translucence of the veil that shrouds female sexuality in fiction today derives its quality from the courage of these pioneer ‘feminists.’ Many first works—especially when they are works of great power—have an autobiographical quality. Charlotte Brontà « appears to have recorded the truth of her own body and soul in Jane Eyre, her first published work. Jane Eyre is clear from the very beginning about one important thing—she will tell only the truth, whatever be the consequences. Given this, there is no way in which she can be selective about details such as which truths she will mention and which others she will conveniently forget or evade. Telling the truth means telling the whole truth and nothing but the truth about everything that needs to be told. Before she leaves her aunt’s house, Jane’s heart almost bursts with the desire to tell her aunt the truth of what she thought of her, and with exemplary courage for a ten-year-old girl she does exactly that. To her aunt’s indignant question of how she dared to speak thus, she replies: â€Å"How dare I, Mrs. Reed? How dare I? Because it is the TRUTH. . . . I will tell anybody who asks me questions, this exact tale. People think you a good woman, but you are bad, hard- hearted. YOU are deceitful!† The most significant thing about this episode relates to the feeling that overwhelmed Jane immediately after making this speech: â€Å"Ere I had finished this reply, my soul began to expand, to exult, with the strangest sense of freedom, of triumph, I ever felt.† She realized that the truth had set her free, and having once experienced this supremely beneficent consequence of the act, she can be counted on to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth about whatever she may need to tell. In this spirit Jane continues as a votary of the truth all her life. She tells the truth always, to every one: to Rochester in answer to his questions, and to the reader,

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Law - Essay Example 68). There are some cases where a party includes an exclusion clause that states that they are exempted from all liability if things do not go as expected, which is under scrutiny because many people have argued that it only works to protect one party (Bradgate and White, 2007, p. 64). There have also been arguments relating to cases where an exclusion clause should be deemed unfair as per UCTA-Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. The court of appeal in April 15 2008 overruled a high court decision in the case of Regus Ltd v Epcot Solutions Ltd that had suppliers raise their concerns due to an exclusion clause. In this case, the court of appeal came up with factors that should be put into consideration while deciding whether an exclusion clause is valid or not (Hayward, 2011, p. 43). The case facts were that a supplier company Regus relied on an exclusion clause that stated that Regus would be exempted from liabilities that would occur under any circumstances. In addition, another clause limited Regus’ liability to ?50,000 for any other types of damages. Epcot were Regus’ customers and they complained about air conditioning in their offices. Regus did not act and, therefore, Epcot stopped paying for the charges of their services as per the contract. Thus, Regus sued Epcot for the amount that was due, while Epcot on their part argued that when Regus failed to provide air conditioning, it resulted to a breach of contract. They counterclaimed for damages that had resulted from Regus actions for causing low profits, low opportunities for their business, inconvenience and distress because of not having air conditioning. In order for Regus to win, the case held the responsibility of proving that their exclusion clause was enforceable and fair as per Unfair Contract Terms act 1977. The high court judges ruled that even though it may seem theoretically reasonable for Regus to exempt themselves from liability for profit loss, the clause in this case was too wid e to be enforceable. The clause did not leave Epcot with any remedy for the service of air conditioning and was, therefore, invalid and unenforceable. Regus appealed arguing that the high court judges were wrong in saying that the exemption clause was unreasonable as per unfair contract terms act of 1977. The court of appeal decided in favour of the defendants, thereby reversing the high court’s decision (Andrews, 2011, p. 76). The UCTA plays the role of protecting parties that are contracting from contractual provisions that are onerous like limitation and exclusion clauses. UCTA states limits to which liability for breach of contract and other types of breach of duty can be avoided through an exemption clause. When an exclusion clause fails to meet the restrictions that are stated in UCTA, it is held to be invalid and, therefore, unenforceable. Such a clause is held to be unreasonable and unfair to the other contracting party. Section 3 of UCTA is, in particular, vital whil e dealing with business contracts especially where a supplier is involved (Gillies, 2004, p. 93). This section states that a clause that is deemed to exclude liability of a supplier for breaching a contract can only be enforceable if it passes the test of reasonability. Reasonable test is described in section 11 (1) of UCTA as circumstances that are reasonable and that are known or are to be known by the contracting parties. UCTA schedule 2 has a list of factors that are to be used in assessing reasonability, which are normally

Licensing and Professional Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Licensing and Professional Organization - Essay Example In most cases, the program has a theoretical background, which has evidence regarding on clinical experiences on community-based practice settings (Sullivan-Marx, 2010). In this program, the nursing students get the chance to develop different skills when it comes to providing direct care, health assessments, health maintenance and information, which is useful in the promotion of health care to any given family. Generally, primary care nursing program deals with family’s mental, emotional, physical and sociocultural systems (Sullivan-Marx, 2010). Based on this specialty, I would expect to work in one of the many Georgia’s community health clinics.The Glenn Hills Community School-Based Clinic in Georgia being a community health care in Georgia as a big Primary Care organization favors my line of career(Georgia, 1996). The operating systems at the facility are versatile and updated; therefore, the environment at the organization will favor my career (Buppert, 2008). Additionally, I hope to learn a lot from this organization in terms of my nursing career. The Georgia community health clinic mostly addresses issues ranging from primary care needs, order diagnostic tests and writing of prescriptions (Sullivan-Marx, 2010). Alternatively, the organization focuses on helping in the application of evidence-based, management of common acute and some of the chronic health problems among individuals. All the mentioned care approaches directly lie in my line of duty(Georgia, 1996).

Laws Governing Our Behaviour Philosophy Essay

Laws Governing Our Behaviour Philosophy Essay à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the very fact that a man obeys the law is due to his goodness. (Aquinas: 96) The gap between how people actually behave and how people ought to behave is so great that anyone who ignores everyday reality in order to live up to an ideal will soon discover he has been taught how to destroy himself. (Machiavelli, The Prince, p. 48) But fear restrains men because they are afraid of punishment, and this fear never leaves them. (Machiavelli, The Prince, p. 52) It is essential that anyone setting up a republic and constitution for it should assume that all men are wicked and will always give vent to their evil impulses whenever they have the chance to do so. (Machiavelli, Discourses, p.92) Men never do anything good except when forced to. (Machiavelli, Discourses, p. 93) Laws do not make men good. Critically compare Aquinas and Machiavellis responses to this claim Laws cannot make people good and virtuous, it should be people who have to make laws good Human beings do not just exist as biological creatures, they are also social creatures. Humans have to fulfill some responsibilities to live in a commune, for that reason every individual have to obey the spoken and the written rules. Society without law is impossible to think of. It can only regulate and work properly with laws. However laws do not make men good. People do not need laws and rules to know what is right or wrong. This knowledge is to be inside of every individual. Basic issue that my term paper needs to examine is that laws make men good or not. I will explain Machiavellis and Aquinas response to these questions then I will explain my argument. According to Machiavelli, virtu is skill and ability in ruling. It is not a moral thing. A man that has virtu means he is extremely good at what he is doing. To survive and lead to victory, he believes, sometimes prince should act unjustly. The virtuous man is the one who has the qualities that lead him to success in his actions. Prince is a decent man but sometimes he should act without morality.(Prince,18). If he wants to hold on to power, he should learn how not to be good. Because, in some circumstances, his goodness would damage him if he cannot use it skillfully.But even virtue cannot guarantee success. So fortune is an important term for prince to achieve his goal.( Prince,20). Some events happening in our lives and we are not able to change it. Machiavelli says that fortuna determines one half of our actions but it also leaves us to control the other half.(Prince,74). A ruler who only depends on his luck will not survive long because when his fortuna changes, it will destroy him. If one knew how to change, as times and circumstances change will survive with his luck. Virtu depends on fortuna and Machiavellis prince needs fortuna to survive long. Both luck and skill needed him to overcome problems. He says the way that people behave and should behave is differ and they obey the rules not because they are good but because fear restrains them (Prince,48). Hence laws do not make men good, people pretend to act good and they only obey it because they are forced, we cannot say law contribute them to be act virtuously. People can easily corrupt and it is their nature to want to be ambitious and to be greedy. Where there is a freedom of choice, they will immediately abuse it. So they only act justly when they are forced to.(Prince,93). Obeying rules does not make them just, they behave this way because they fear. On the other hand, Aquinas supports that law is a measure and rule which governs peoples acts.(Aquinas,77). It is a kind of teacher that teaches people how to act virtuous. So for Aquinas, human laws are required not only to prevent the vicious acts, but also to lead them to be virtuous. Law, even by forcing and punishing, leads men to act good.(Aquinas,100). For him, happiness is the final end of human life and lawful acts tend to produce happiness and blessedness to reach the final end.(79). He also believes there is a natural law in people. He points out that every individual understand what is good or bad for himself and human laws derive from the natural laws. Laws are the guardians against the human nature because people would corrupt the freedom if they are not restrained. However rules are not enough to make people good. It just help us to understand people who are tend to bad things. We do not need rules and laws to know what is wrong or right. This knowledge we should have inside. If law compels citizens to act good and they only obey it because they are forced, we cannot say law contribute them to be act virtuously. It is a fact that human beings react in different circumstances in different way of acting. Virtue is something which people acts morally without any external force. So for that reason it frees people from obligation because virtuous person is choosing to act morally by his own. It is a fact that if laws restrain a man not to kill anyone it can never leads him to have virtue. It must be chosen voluntarily otherwise it does not make him good in real. In conclusion, the thought of fear and punishment restrains peoples acts. To ensure the peace, human laws are required. However when people act involuntarily good, it does not make them really good. Acting virtuously is a choice that people accept it freely. It is impossible to improve people as virtuous by putting control mechanisms. They may act just today but when things change they can easily corrupt and act the way they please. If some people who tend to act badly have the chance, will not hesitate to do what they pleased. So laws cannot make people good and virtuous, it should be people who have to make laws good. Glossary Prince: Machiavelli uses prince not to mean a kings song. His term means ruler. This ruler should be both loved and feared, but since it is difficult to be successful in both at the same time, it is much better to be feared. Virtu: Machiavellis understanding of virtue is quite different from the common understanding of the virtue. Of course his virtues include courage, justice, prudence and honesty but he accepts all this actions when they are successful. Virtu means for him skill and ability in ruling. It is not a moral thing. A man that has virtu means he is extremely good at what he is doing. To survive and lead to victory, he believes, sometimes Prince should act unjustly. The virtuous man is the one who has the qualities that lead him to success in his actions. Prince is a decent man but sometimes he should act without morality.(Prince,18). If he wants to hold on to power, he should learn how not to be good. Because, in some circumstances, his goodness would damage him if he cannot use it skillfully.Both luck and skill enable him to overcome problems. Fortuna: According to Machiavelli, even virtue cannot guarantee success. So fortune is an important term for prince to achieve his goal.( Prince,20). Some events happening in our lives without our reaction. Machiavelli says that fortuna determines one half of our actions but it also leaves us to control the other half.(Prince,74). A ruler who only depends on his luck will not survive long because when his fortuna changes, it will destroy him. If one knew how to change, as times and circumtances change will survive with his luck. Virtu depends on fortuna and Machiavellis prince needs fortuna to survive long. Underlying problem Basic issue that my term paper needs to examine is that if law makes men good or not. I will explain Aquinas and Machiavellis response to this claim then I will critically discuss it in my argument. The questions that will help me; Do people act justly because of they forced? Is it beneficial to act justly? Do laws always illustrate the rights? Are there natural laws? Philosophers response According to Machiavelli, the way that people behave and should behave is differ. Hence, they obey the rules not because they are good but because fear restrains them.(Prince,48).Laws do not make men good. They act colorable. People are easily corrupted and they are selfish. Where there is a freedom of choice, they will immediately abuse it. So they only act justly when they are forced to.(Prince,93). But acting justly does not make them just because they behave this way because they fear. On the other hand, Aquinas claims that law is a measure which governs peoples acts. It is a kind of teacher that teaches people how to act virtuous. So for Aquinas, human laws are required not only to prevent the vicious acts, but also to lead them to virtue. My Argument In my essay, I will support the Machiavellis idea and will refuse the idea of Aquinas. I will argue that laws do not make men good. Laws cannot make people good and virtuous; it should be people who have to make laws good. Of course there are natural laws exist which accepted by majority. They are unique and inconvertible. But natural laws are not enough for ruling the city. So to ensure the peace, human laws are required. Fear and punishment restrain peoples acts and lead them to act just. However when people act involuntary good, it is impossible to say that they are virtuous.

Technology is a Positive Influence in the Education Field :: Teaching Education Essays

Technology is a Positive Influence in the Education Field Everywhere you look there are computer games, but it just isn’t the fun computer games anymore, they are making more and more learning programs. I have seen learning programs from the preschool level all the way up to the college level. I think this is wonderful it gives children or young adults the chance to practice at home or even before the class the starts, it gives you a little introduction. I have a six year old sister who uses those programs all the time, and they help her. When she was in preschool it helped her count and now the levels are getting harder now that she is in first grade. My family, me especially because I am going into the education field think that these programs are very beneficial, they help the students get a good grasp on things. I think technology has positively impacted the education field. When I see my little sister practice and play on the computer I can tell it is helping her in her school work, but at the same time she is enjoying it. Because it is on the computer it doesn’t feel like she is doing homework or school work, but in her mind she is playing on the computer, for fun. I know for the most part many people use these programs as an introduction to a course or for a certain grade level. This helps the student prepare themselves for the up coming tasks. These computer programs allow students to get their feet wet before they go in for the dive. During my senior year I was a student aide for a first grade class, and even in the classroom the teachers were using computer programs as a certain center or station. Students can practice their numbers or letters, their typing, and their work with the computers all at the same time. A lot of the students got a lot of joy from this, you could tell by their facial expressions, and also their excitement that they showed when their name was called to work on the computers. I remember when I was that age and we had a Tandy computer at our house and I never thought computers were that much fun because I never had all these fun learning games.

“a Rose for Emily, ” “Young Goodman Brown” and “Good Country People, ”

Isolation: Loneliness from Society The time moves on for all people. If we cannot come to terms with that, bad things can happen. A short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emil,† by William Faulkner, was first published on April 30, 1930. William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897. He is one of the greatest writers in America and obtained Nobel Prize laureate. As he grew up in New Albany, Mississippi, the Southern society influenced to him.Through his works such a Sartoris (book, 1931), The Sound and The Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (poem, 1930), The Sanctuary (1931), and A Famle (1954), he depicted chronologically the decaying Southern society. In other words, he mainly pointed out the vice of the southern high society and the pursuit to create the universal humanity. (Meyer 83) Nathaniel Hawthorne, an America author of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† born on July 4, 1804, in Salem, Massachusetts, grew up in a very strict Puritan family, whic h is where his inspiration came from.In addition, in most of Hawthorne's short stories, he developed the stories in similar settings in time and characters. The author described that time setting is the seventeenth century in New England, especially, Salem, his hometown. Even though he criticized the Puritanism, he was fully a Puritan. â€Å"Good Country People† is a short story written by Flannery O'Connor. Born in Savannah, Georgia, on March 25, 1925, Mary Flannery O'Connor was a female southern writer who wrote two novels and thirty-two short stories that are mainly in Southern Gothic style and relied heavily on regional setting and grotesque characters (Ditsky 3).Flannery O`Connor`s short stories mainly centers around the author`s characteristics as a Southern writer and her treatment of religious themes based on her Catholicism set in the Protestant South. These authors, William Faulkner, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Flannery O’Conner, had common critical perspectives in religion and region, and they developed the stories in similar tones. In the stories: â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Good Country People,† all of the main characters experience isolation from the society. To begin, William Faulkner's â€Å"A rose for Emily† shows the reader about lonely woman.Emily, the protagonist, has fallen down the social ladder and cannot recognize that time is moving forward, meaning that everything is changing. In her funeral, the beginning of the story from â€Å"No one save an old manservant – a combined gardener and cook-† had seen in at least ten years (Faulkner 84). Nobody has been to her house in ten years, except for her servant. This sets the framework for Emily's isolation in life by beginning with her funeral. When the city authorities go to her house for a tax problem, she tells them she is not subject to taxes in Jefferson even though Colonel Sartoris had been dead almost ten years.She finds her a lover Homer Barron, whom the reader can guess that he is homosexual. When she hears that he is going to leave her, she buys arsenic and kills him. After her death, the townspeople find the grey hair in the bed next to Homer's remains meaning she has been sleeping with the corpse. The reader can discover isolation in the beginning of part II: â€Å"So she vanquished them, horse and foot, just as she had vanquished their fathers thirty years before about the smell† (Faulkner 85). This moment gives the reader another message of Emily's isolation.Most reader can guess the reason for the smell: Homer Barron was dead. The last proof, â€Å"after her father's death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all,† (85) reiterates the fact that Emily is isolated. This quotation has two points; her father makes her isolation and Homer Barron isolates her mind, which seems to be what her father intended. There is n o getting around the fact that â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a story about the extremes of isolation – by physical and emotional.This Faulkner classic shows us the process by which human beings become isolate by their families, by their community, by tradition, by law, by the past, and by their own actions and choices. In effect, this story takes a stand against such isolation, and against all those who isolate others. In the â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Hawthorne, the work centers around a young Puritan, lonely man, in New England, and his deal with the Devil. At the beginning of the story, even though his wife, Faith, tries to dissuade him, Goodman Brown, he leaves on the trip anyway and meets old man.When he follows him on a gloomy forest, he sees many people such as Goody Cloyse, pious woman, and the minister of the church and Deacon Gookin, who are also apparently on their way to the ceremony. Goodman Brown was Shocked; he swears that even though everyone els e in the world has gone to the devil, for Faith's sake he will stay true to God. However, he soon hears voices coming from the ceremony and thinks he recognizes Faith's voice. Faith ignores when he screams and has turned to evil. The next morning Goodman Brown return to Salem Village, and every person he passes seems evil to him.He does not trust anyone in his village. He lives the rest of his life in gloom and fear. This short story is famous for being representation of American Romantic literature. The reader can find just a few important quotes from the short story. In the forest Brown saw a mixture of pious and dissolute people, and it was strange to see that â€Å"the good shrank not from the wicked, nor were the sinners abashed by the saints† (331). Brown chose to see that all were evil and lost his chance at redemption when he chose to isolate himself and to â€Å"shrink from his Faith† and fellow man. By the sympathy of your human hearts for sin ye shall scent out all the places—whether in church, bedchamber, street, field, or forest—where crime has been committed, and shall exult to behold the whole earth one stain of guilt, one mighty blood spot† (332). Near the end of the story, Goodman Brown has seen the evil in every person, and it causes isolating of his life. In the story, the narrator poses an important question: â€Å"Had Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest, and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch-meeting? † (Meyer 333). The choice is dream or reality.Whatever the reader chooses to believe, Goodman Brown's own horrible doubts create a central theme of the tale (Fogel 21). Hawthorne’s mental and moral beliefs are revealed throughout â€Å"Young Goodman Brown. † Puritans believed that the fall of Adam was the inheritance of all men, and that redemption came only through Christ. Hawthorne came to believe that the fall was by human contrivance, that damnation is not inherited but chosen and is redeemable through human agency. (Adams 5) The devil reminds Brown about the past and the devil knows his father and grandfather from past encounters.Theme is hypocrisy and deception that would describe the devil's temptations and promises to Goodman Brown, his father, his grandfather, and anyone else. Other theme would be isolation because of the location where Goodman Brown is at which is a dark forest where he is all alone with no one in the area. The short story, â€Å"Good country people† by O'Connor, also has a character of isolation. This story starts in rural Georgia; Mrs. Hopewell runs her family farm with the help of tenants Mr. and Mrs. Freeman. Mrs. Hopewell's daughter, Joy, who got her leg cut off in an accident when she was a child.She now lives at home with her mother. Thirty-three-year-old Joy has earned a PhD in philosophy, but she does not seem to have much common sense. In an act of rebellion, she has changed her name to Hulga, and she lives in a st ate of annoyed anger at her mother and Mrs. Freeman. A Bible salesman comes to the door, claiming his name is Manly Pointer, and manages to get invited to dinner. He and Hulga make a date to have a picnic together the next day. That night Hulga imagines with her superior mind and education that she is in control and that she will seduce him.However, the next day by the time they have climbed into a barn loft, Manly manages to persuade her to take off her glasses and then her wooden leg which he packs in a suitcase, between a â€Å"Bible† which is really a box with liquor and pornographic cards in it. As Manly leaves Hulga without her false leg, he tells her that he collects prostheses from the disabled. She is shocked to realize that he is not â€Å"good country people. † Hulga, main character, is always trying to escape from the Southern social conventions and stereotypes in which her mother and Mrs. Freeman are immersed.Hulga is self-assured about her self and her vi sion of life and people from a nihilistic and atheist point of view; as she says in this story, â€Å"If science is right, then one thing stand firm: Science wishes to know nothing of nothing. Such is after all the strictly scientific approach to nothing. we knows it by wishing to know nothing of nothing. † (381) She is also very proud of her education with a Ph. D. in Philosophy. Hulga rejects any possibility of mixing with the people around her. She creates a condition of self-isolation in her life. â€Å"You poor baby. it's just as well you don't understand. (389) The young woman fails to see that there is much more to life than what you can learn in a book. Due to a heart condition, however, Hulga is forced to remain home on the farm, instead of being in an academic setting where her education would be recognized and encouraged. This attitude that she is above most other people isolates Hulga from everyone around her. Hulga does not understand herself as innocent; indeed , she considers herself quite experienced because her education has given her access to philosophers such as Nietzsche, whose words she underlines with a blue pencil: â€Å"science wishes to know nothing of nothing. (Ditsky 3) These short stories have lonely characters, â€Å"Emily,† â€Å"Goodman Brown,† and â€Å"Hulga,† who avoid from their family or society. These stories' authors teach the reader that they can find isolation in processing when the main characters fight against their life. There is one thing common ground between them. That is a tragic fate at the end of their isolation from the world. However, if they think a little differently, the result does not have to be tragic. Thus, the reader can learn a lesson from these stories that we need to stay positive and not become a part of the isolation.

Free Essays on Ford Pinto

Ford Pinto Plato said,† The appetites or the passions may gain control of him and refuse to obey the dictates of his highest part, reason or mind.† (Frost 131) If this is so what was Ford Motor Company so hungry for in the early 1970’s to knowingly sell thousands of unsafe cars to its customers? Yes, we can all agree that the foreign automakers were taking a big chunk out of the American industry with its fuel-efficient compact cars. We can even understand the concept of Ford wanting to produce it’s own compact car to compete with it’s foreign competitors. Does this make it all right then to take shortcuts if the end justifies the means? Ford Motor Company did just that when it mass-produced and sold the Pinto. Customers expected a certain degree of respect, honesty, and quality with the purchase of their vehicle. In return for their loyalty to an American built car they got a death trap. I don’t know if there are any written professional codes of conduct for automakers and even if they were it doesn’t mean Ford would have followed them in this case. I do know there were safety standards successfully lobbied against by Ford for almost a decade. The money spent lobbying for almost ten years could have been used to fix the problem in the first place. Two hundred thousand, seven hundred and twenty five dollars is the price Ford put on human life. In actuality Ford said human lives were not worth the five to eight dollar fix. The man who puts a monetary value on life looks at the world, and instead should stand in front of the mirror to truly gauge that value. Sure the number of human lives lost in the Pinto due to rear end collisions is very small compared to the total number of Pintos sold. I don’t think Iacocca would think so if it were his wife or child in those collisions. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of their duties. This is the first fundam ental canon o... Free Essays on Ford Pinto Free Essays on Ford Pinto Ford Pinto Plato said,† The appetites or the passions may gain control of him and refuse to obey the dictates of his highest part, reason or mind.† (Frost 131) If this is so what was Ford Motor Company so hungry for in the early 1970’s to knowingly sell thousands of unsafe cars to its customers? Yes, we can all agree that the foreign automakers were taking a big chunk out of the American industry with its fuel-efficient compact cars. We can even understand the concept of Ford wanting to produce it’s own compact car to compete with it’s foreign competitors. Does this make it all right then to take shortcuts if the end justifies the means? Ford Motor Company did just that when it mass-produced and sold the Pinto. Customers expected a certain degree of respect, honesty, and quality with the purchase of their vehicle. In return for their loyalty to an American built car they got a death trap. I don’t know if there are any written professional codes of conduct for automakers and even if they were it doesn’t mean Ford would have followed them in this case. I do know there were safety standards successfully lobbied against by Ford for almost a decade. The money spent lobbying for almost ten years could have been used to fix the problem in the first place. Two hundred thousand, seven hundred and twenty five dollars is the price Ford put on human life. In actuality Ford said human lives were not worth the five to eight dollar fix. The man who puts a monetary value on life looks at the world, and instead should stand in front of the mirror to truly gauge that value. Sure the number of human lives lost in the Pinto due to rear end collisions is very small compared to the total number of Pintos sold. I don’t think Iacocca would think so if it were his wife or child in those collisions. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of their duties. This is the first fundam ental canon o... Free Essays on Ford Pinto Intro Back in the late 1960’s and 1970’s, Ford was considered one of the four major U.S. automobile manufacturers. This paper will focus on Ford, and the safety issues regarding the gas tank with the Ford Pinto between 1971 and 1977. In 1977, there was a criminal indictment brought against Ford stating that the Pinto had been considered a fire hazard, because of where the gas tank was located in the rear of the vehicle. Allegations were brought up that after detailed rear-end crash tests; the actual design of the gas tank, and the placement of the gas tank was a safety hazard, and considered dangerous to the driver, as well as to any passengers in the vehicle. It was stated in the case analysis that Ford was so anxious to get the car on the market, they decided that the design changes would not be made, because it would take too much time and cost too much money (1). The controversy surrounding the fuel tank was that it was located behind the rear axle, instead of above it. This was initially done in an effort to create more trunk space. The problem with this design, which later became evident, was that it made the Pinto more vulnerable to a rear-end collision. This weakness was enhanced by other features of the car. The gas tank and the rear axle were separated by only nine inches. There were also bolts that were positioned in a way that threatened the gas tank. Finally, the fuel filler pipe design resulted in a higher probability that it would disconnect from the tank in the event of an accident, causing gas to leak, which could lead to dangerous fires. With a combination of the enactment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) rear-end fuel system integrity standard in1969, called Standard 301, and the abundant design defects of the Pinto, this case became the center of public debate. Part 1Element 1Duties to the Consumer When it comes to purchasing products or services from a merchant, the ... Free Essays on Ford Pinto Ford Pinto Plato said,† The appetites or the passions may gain control of him and refuse to obey the dictates of his highest part, reason or mind.† (Frost 131) If this is so what was Ford Motor Company so hungry for in the early 1970’s to knowingly sell thousands of unsafe cars to its customers? Yes, we can all agree that the foreign automakers were taking a big chunk out of the American industry with its fuel-efficient compact cars. We can even understand the concept of Ford wanting to produce it’s own compact car to compete with it’s foreign competitors. Does this make it all right then to take shortcuts if the end justifies the means? Ford Motor Company did just that when it mass-produced and sold the Pinto. Customers expected a certain degree of respect, honesty, and quality with the purchase of their vehicle. In return for their loyalty to an American built car they got a death trap. I don’t know if there are any written professional codes of conduct for automakers and even if they were it doesn’t mean Ford would have followed them in this case. I do know there were safety standards successfully lobbied against by Ford for almost a decade. The money spent lobbying for almost ten years could have been used to fix the problem in the first place. Two hundred thousand, seven hundred and twenty five dollars is the price Ford put on human life. In actuality Ford said human lives were not worth the five to eight dollar fix. The man who puts a monetary value on life looks at the world, and instead should stand in front of the mirror to truly gauge that value. Sure the number of human lives lost in the Pinto due to rear end collisions is very small compared to the total number of Pintos sold. I don’t think Iacocca would think so if it were his wife or child in those collisions. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of their duties. This is the first fundam ental canon o...

The History of the Radio and Television Receiver Industry in essays

The History of the Radio and Television Receiver Industry in essays In the article Introductory essay: the social shaping of technology (1999), MacKenzie and Wajcman claimed that technological determinism is not a satisfactory explanation for the development of new technologies. Their point of view in Technological Determinism as a Theory of Technology stated that technology just changes, either following science or of its own accord (MacKenzie and Wajcman, 1999, p 5). In A Network of Tinkerers: The Advent of the Radio and Television Receiver Industry in Japan, the author Yuzo Takahashi provided a historical advent and analysis of the development of radio and television receivers in Japan. Yuzo Takahashis article provides a case study of the technological developments that supports the arguments put by MacKenzie and Wajcman against technological determinism. More importantly, the historical development of these electronics in Japan illustrates the following claims put by MacKenzie and Wajcman in their essay: firstly The Economic Shaping of Technology: The dominant way of thinking about the connection between economics and technology is the neoclassical approach, which is based upon the assumption that firms will choose the technique of the production that offers the maximum possible rate of profit. (1999, p 13); secondly, Does Science Shape Technology?: Where science and technology are connected, as they increasingly have been since the second half of the nineteenth century. Technology has arguably contributed as much to science as vice versa. (1999, p 7); and lastly The Path Dependence of Technical Change: The history of technology is a path dependent history, one in which past events exercise continuing influences. Which of two or more technologies eventually succeed is not determined by their intrinsic characteristics alone, but al so by their histories of adoption. In the article A N...

Systematic and Universal Screenings for Children with Emotional and Research Paper

Systematic and Universal Screenings for Children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders - Research Paper Example Screeners, for this matter, are the tools that lie beside this premise. Kalberg et al. (2010) through a multi-scholar inquiry ventured in testing a triad of special education interventions and examined its applicability. Their research that involved an elementary school in central Tennessee, USA implemented an academic screener called Curriculum-based Measurement, a behavioral assessment named Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders and a personality evaluation tagged as Student Risk Screening Scale (Kalberg et al., 2010). The interventions they studied proved a positive outcome for the group’s endeavor. The three-tiered examination participated by 129 participants confirmed its effectiveness in determining students who were non-responsive to the initial prevention steps undertaken by the school (Kalberg et al., 2010). The investigation further noted that the â€Å"multifaceted sources of information about these students’ behavior can assist in improving their read ing skills and over-all personality† (Kalberg et al., 2010). A product of several trial-and-error processes, the models that these researchers offered passed the question of theory and practice and considerably reached a respectable standard. The importance of involving reliable criteria for making intelligent decisions based on screening tools should be executed in all educational settings. As a protocol-oriented endeavor, the proposal of Kahlberg’s team reached a certain level of acceptability in terms of these criteria. The standards were conceived upon methodical undertakings that focused on validity and reliability. The study also concluded that the said approach can â€Å"provide academic institutions with an organized process in meeting the various ever-changing academic, psychological and social needs of the students as they develop over time† (Kalberg et al., 2010). The authors strongly advocated for a cohesive and complete strategy based on the tri-leve l models of intervention that should be implemented in all special education schools (Kalberg et al., 2010, p. 577). This concluding statement contradicted the time-honored Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders (SSBD), considered as the most cost-effective systematic screening tool; so that is before. More recent findings hold the merit in this case. II. Three-tiered Models of Support in Systematic Screening Another researched-based intervention undertaken by a team of scholars from Vanderbilt University sought to provide an illustrative triad of models of support to gauge the total risks that surface in a certain period of time and to determine who among the students need preventive interventions from the significant other. Lane et al. (2011) further examined several techniques in analyzing data obtained from the systematic screening to fully understand the children’s situations and eventually formulate an empiric course of action. The study found out that the â€Å"S tudent Risk Screening Scale (SRSS) is a cost-efficient, time-bounded and systematically effective tool in assessing risk for antisocial behavior in elementary-age pupils† (Lane et al., 2011). This screening instrument is particularly designed for detecting whether or not a child has the tendency to be passive or otherwise aggressive. Meanwhile, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which is still a gauge on the child’

International Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

International Human Resource Management - Essay Example International human resource management also pays due attention at administering diversified human capital (Scribd, 2012). Role of HRM in the United Kingdom The management of the organisations has become quite difficult and challenging in the present times, essentially in terms of accountability of the managers in administering the people. The managers belonging to the twenty-first century are faced with many regulations as well as restrictions that restrain their independence to act unilaterally. They are also faced with greater volatility as well as changeability in their external environment. The concept of ‘Human Resource Management’ did not initiate in the United Kingdom but in the United States in the period of 1980s. For few people, the term came to present a significant distinct approach to the management of the people. It has been based upon new assumptions regarding the employees, the altering characteristics of the work and regarding how best to enhance the ca pability of the staff in the organisation. It was noted that most of the organisations in the United Kingdom were capable of encompassing the new developments. A number of organisations in the United Kingdom did not embrace the concept related to human resource management because they wanted to retain the personal management title because of the fact that this evaded the impersonal relationship with their employees as human resources. However, with due course of time many ‘people’ departments were identified as HR departments (Oxford University Press, 2012). The main objective of the paper is to understand the human resource management practices in the United Kingdom. It will attempt to gauge the background and context of the United Kingdom and will also endevour to offer certain indications on the internal factors as well as the external factors that will have certain bearing on the way in which HRM is carried out in that particular country. The paper will attempt to t hrow light upon the significance of employee relation and will also demonstrate the degree to which culture, political, economic as well as social context have an impact upon the associations. Background and Context of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom can be considered as a monarch state which is situated off the north-western coast of Europe. The UK is one of the developed countries of the world. It has obtained seventh position in terms of biggest nations in the globe concerning nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and with regard to Purchasing Power Parity it is the eighth-biggest economy (GoldGoal, 2011). In the previous times, Britain sought a voluntarist industrial relation system offering the parties belonging to the industrial relations a significant level of freedom to opt for their preferred institutional arrangements. It has been noted in the two decades before the 1998 Workplace Employment Relations Survey overlapped with the Thatcher period. It was during this peri od when a development of the employer’s choice was created by various deregulatory measures thereby minimising legal endorsement for the trade union activity. Till the period 1998, it was found that the employers in the United